Sumiyoshi Sanjin (Three Sumiyoshi Deities)

The Sumiyoshi Three Deities—Sokotsutsu-no-o, Nakatsutsu-no-o, and Uwatsutsu-no-o—emerged during Izanagi's purification in the sea after his return from Yomi-no-kuni. They represent the bottom, middle, and surface layers of the ocean, embodying the purifying power of salt water.

These deities gained great importance as protectors of seafarers and played a central role in the mythology surrounding Empress Jingu's legendary expedition to the Korean peninsula. As patron gods of maritime navigation, they were invoked by fishermen, traders, and naval forces throughout Japanese history.

Beyond their maritime role, the Sumiyoshi deities are also revered as gods of waka poetry, with Sumiyoshi Taisha historically serving as an important literary site. The shrine's distinctive architectural style, known as Sumiyoshi-zukuri, is considered one of the oldest forms of shrine architecture in Japan.