Nihai-Nihakushu-Ichihai (Two Bows, Two Claps, One Bow)
The standard prayer sequence at Shinto shrines: bow twice, clap twice, bow once
Nihai-nihakushu-ichihai (literally 'two bows, two hand-claps, one bow') is the standard prayer sequence performed by worshippers at most Shinto shrines. After tossing a coin into the offering box and optionally ringing the bell, the worshipper performs two deep bows, claps their hands together twice, offers a silent prayer with hands pressed together, and finishes with one final deep bow.
The bows express reverence to the kami, while the hand claps (kashiwade) serve to attract the kami's attention and express joy and respect. The moment of silent prayer between the claps and the final bow is when the worshipper communicates their gratitude, wishes, or intentions to the kami.
This sequence is standard at the vast majority of shrines, but there are notable exceptions. Izumo Taisha uses a nihai-shihakushu-ichihai pattern — four claps instead of two. Usa Jingu in Oita also follows this four-clap pattern. At Ise Jingu, the imperial family performs yohai-yahakushu-ichihai (four bows, eight claps, one bow). These variations add to the rich diversity of Shinto practice.